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Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society (BKCS)

ISSN 0253-2964(Print)
ISSN 1229-5949(Online)
Volume 29, Number 7
BKCSDE 29(7)
July 20, 2008

Title	Theoretical Studies on the Addition Reactions of Ketene with NH₃ in the Gas Phase and in Non-Aqueous Solutions
Author	Chang Kon Kim, Kyung A Lee, Junxian Chen, Hai Whang Lee, Bon-Su Lee, Chan Kyung Kim*
Keywords	Amination of ketene, Solvent effect, CPCM optimization, Basis set superposition error
Abstract	Theoretical studies on the un-catalyzed and catalyzed aminations of ketene with NH₃ and (NH₃)₂, respectively, were studied using MP2 and hybrid density functional theory of B3LYP at the 6-31+G(d,p) and 6- 311+G(3df,2p) basis sets in the gas phase and in benzene and acetonitrile solvents. In the gas phase reaction, the un-catalyzed mechanism was the same as those previously reported by others. The catalyzed mechanism, however, was more complicated than expected requiring three transition states for the complete description of the C=O addition pathways. In the un-catalyzed amination, rate determining step was the breakdown of enol amide but in the catalyzed reaction, it was changed to the formation of enol amide, which was contradictory to the previous findings. Starting from the gas-phase structures, all structures were re-optimized using the CPCM method in solvent medium. In a high dielectric medium, acetonitrile, a zwitterions formed from the reaction of CH2=C=O with (NH₃)₂, I(d), exists as a genuine minimum but other zwitterions, I(m) in acetonitrile and I(d) in benzene become unstable when ZPE corrected energies are used. Structural and energetic changes induced by solvation were considered in detail. Lowering of the activation energy by introducing additional NH₃ molecule amounted to ca. ?20 ~ ?25 kcal/mol, which made catalyzed reaction more facile than un-catalyzed one.
Page	1335 - 1343
Full Text	PDF

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