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Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society (BKCS)

ISSN 0253-2964(Print)
ISSN 1229-5949(Online)
Volume 31, Number 12
BKCSDE 31(12)
December 20, 2010

Title	A Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of 2-Pyridyl X-Substituted Benzoates: Effect of Changing Leaving Group from 4-Nitrophenolate to 2-Pyridinolate on Reactivity and Mechanism
Author	Jong Pal Lee, Ae Ri Bae, Li Ra Im, Ik Hwan Um
Keywords	Aminolysis, 2-Pyridyl benzoate, Rate-determining step, Brønsted-type plot, Yukawa-Tsuno plot
Abstract	Second-order rate constants (k_N) have been measured spectrophotometrically for nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2-pyridyl X-substituted benzoates 8a-e with a series of alicyclic secondary amines in H₂O at 25.0 ± 0.1 ^oC. The k_Nvalues for the reactions of 8a-e are slightly smaller than the corresponding reactions of 4-nitrophenyl X-substituted benzoates 1a-e (e.g., k_N^1a-e/k_N^8a-e = 1.1 ~ 3.1), although 2-pyridinolate in 8a-e is ca. 4.5 pK_a units more basic than 4-nitrophenolate in 1a-e. The Brønsted-type plot for the aminolysis of 8c (X = H) is linear with β_nuc = 0.77 and R² = 0.991 (Figure 1), which is typical for reactions reported previously to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with breakdown of a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate T^± being the rate-determining step (RDS), e.g., aminolysis of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate 1c. The Hammett plot for the reactions of 8a-e with piperidine consists of two intersecting straight lines (Figure 2), i.e., ρ = 1.71 for substrates possessing an electron-donating group (EDG) while ρ = 0.86 for those bearing an electron-withdrawing group (EWG). Traditionally, such a nonlinear Hammett plot has been interpreted as a change in RDS upon changing substituent X in the benzoyl moiety. However, it has been proposed that the nonlinear Hammett is not due to a change in RDS since the corresponding Yukawa-Tsuno plot exhibits excellent linear correlation with ρ = 0.85 and r = 0.62 (R² = 0.995, Figure 3). Stabilization of substrates 8a-e in the ground state has been concluded to be responsible for the nonlinear Hammett plot.
Page	3588 - 3592
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